By Faridat Salifu
A team of scientists in Japan has developed a new type of plastic that dissolves completely in seawater within hours, potentially offering a breakthrough solution to the global microplastic pollution crisis.
The material, detailed in the journal Science, was created by researchers from the Riken Institute and the University of Tokyo. It is a supramolecular plastic synthesized from two monomers: sodium hexametaphosphate, a common food additive, and guanidinium-based compounds.
The plastic maintains the strength and utility of conventional materials but disintegrates rapidly in saltwater without leaving behind harmful residues.
According to the study, a piece of the plastic up to two inches thick can dissolve in seawater in two to three hours. In soil, it biodegrades within approximately ten days.
The plastic is classified as a thermoplastic and can be reshaped by heating above 120°C (248°F), making it suitable for a wide range of manufacturing uses.
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Researchers found that over 90% of the sodium hexametaphosphate and more than 80% of the guanidinium components can be recovered in powder form after dissolution, making the material highly recyclable.
The monomers are also biodegradable, and bacteria present in the environment can metabolize them, further reducing environmental impact.
The plastic’s ability to degrade is triggered by the salt content in seawater. To allow for conventional use before disposal, it can be coated with a hydrophobic layer that resists water exposure during its lifecycle.
Scientists say the innovation could help reduce the long-term accumulation of microplastics in marine environments, where plastic pollution has reached alarming levels.
Microplastic particles have been detected in oceans, soil, and even human tissues, raising concerns about their impact on ecosystems and public health.
While the new material will require further testing and scaling for industrial use, researchers say it marks a significant step toward sustainable plastic alternatives. The development complements broader efforts to reduce plastic use and improve recycling systems globally.
