By Abdullahi Lukman
Low emission zones (LEZs) in major Belgian and UK cities have led to measurable improvements in air quality and public health, according to new studies by European researchers.
In Belgium, researchers from Mutualités Libres, led by Horemans, examined air pollution exposure among 420,000 members and found that cities like Brussels, Antwerp, and Ghent experienced faster declines in particle pollution and nitrogen dioxide levels within LEZs compared to other urban areas.
The benefits were also observed up to 5 kilometers outside the zones.
Notably, the study found a slower increase in the use of antidiabetic drugs in the Brussels zone, suggesting potential health benefits beyond respiratory improvements.
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Horemans pointed to links between nitrogen dioxide exposure and diabetes, suggesting further study could reveal broader health impacts.
Similarly, in the UK, researchers from the University of Bath found that London’s low and ultra-low emission zones significantly reduced nitrogen dioxide levels, particularly in central areas.
Analysis of labour and population survey data showed improved respiratory health, mental wellbeing, and an 18.5% drop in the likelihood of taking sick leave.
“These results show that the zones not only improved air quality but also contribute to better overall wellbeing and higher labour market participation,” said Prof Eleonora Fichera.
Both research teams emphasized that while implementing LEZs can be disruptive, the long-term health and environmental benefits far outweigh the initial inconvenience.
