By Faridat Salifu
In the age of digital convenience, few stop to consider the full journey of a smartphone from the moment it’s gleaming on a store shelf to the day it’s tossed in a drawer, forgotten, or worse, in a landfill. But behind every screen tap and app download lies a growing environmental crisis: electronic waste, or e-waste.
Globally, more than 62 million tonnes of e-waste were generated in 2022 alone — a staggering heap of discarded phones, laptops, TVs, and other devices that, collectively, weigh more than all the commercial aircraft ever built. And this mountain is growing. By 2030, it’s expected to balloon to 82 million tonnes.
In Australia, the crisis is acute. Australians discard about 20 kilograms of e-waste per person annually, nearly three times the global average. Much of it ends up in landfills, despite containing reusable metals like gold and copper, as well as hazardous substances such as lead and mercury.
“We have normalized the rapid turnover of gadgets,” says Dr. Amelia Renn, a sustainability researcher based in Sydney. “What was once a long-term investment is now a two-year plan — upgrade, replace, dispose, repeat.”
Part of the problem is built into the tech itself. Many manufacturers design products with shorter life spans known as “planned obsolescence” often halting software updates or using sealed batteries that can’t be easily replaced. Combined with the social and marketing pressure to own the latest version, this creates a culture of disposable electronics.
“It’s not that the devices stop working,” says Renn. “It’s that we’re made to feel they’re no longer enough.”
When Australians do try to dispose of electronics responsibly, the pathway isn’t always straightforward. More than 500 facilities exist for collection, but only about 20 nationwide can actually process e-waste for recycling. The rest is either exported — primarily to countries like India and China — or, in many cases, dumped.
While overseas recycling facilities may recover precious metals, these operations often lack the same environmental safeguards, exposing workers and communities to toxic materials. Informal e-waste recycling hubs in developing countries have become hotspots for contamination pwith children sometimes handling materials without protection.
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Many Australians are still hesitant to recycle electronics due to concerns over data privacy. Even after wiping their devices, people fear sensitive information could be retrieved — a fear not entirely unfounded in an age of cybercrime. Combined with the inconvenience of e-waste drop-off points, this creates a psychological barrier to proper disposal.
“Until data security is guaranteed and recycling is made as easy as tossing something in a bin, we won’t see the participation levels we need,” says Mark Elliot, founder of an e-waste solutions startup in Melbourne.
economic hurdles in the recycling industry
E-waste recycling is not only complex — it’s expensive. Safely removing hazardous components and recovering rare materials is labor- and energy-intensive. Ironically, it’s often cheaper to mine fresh materials than to recover them from old electronics. This economic imbalance discourages companies from investing in recycling infrastructure.
But some hope is on the horizon. Australia’s national circular economy framework, launched in 2023, pledges to double recycling and reuse rates by 2035. It aims to push manufacturers toward product stewardship and incentivize design choices that favor repairability and reuse.
rethinking tech culture
Still, experts argue that tackling e-waste requires more than new policies — it demands a shift in mindset. The repair movement, gaining traction in Europe and slowly in Australia, encourages consumers to fix rather than replace. Legislation like the “right to repair” is pressuring companies to make parts and manuals more accessible.
“We need to de-glamorize constant upgrading,” says Renn. “If we treated our phones like heirlooms instead of fashion accessories, we could drastically reduce the waste stream.”
As the world charges deeper into the digital age, every swipe, scroll, and selfie leaves a trace not just in the cloud, but in the mountains of electronic trash scattered across the planet. The challenge ahead lies in recognizing that what’s out of sight in landfills, backrooms, and toxic dumps is very much part of the story of our digital lives.
