By Abdullahi Lukman
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), also known as the World Court, is to deliver a non-binding advisory opinion on July 23 concerning nations’ legal responsibilities in addressing climate change.
The opinion is expected to clarify whether major greenhouse gas-emitting countries have a legal duty to reduce emissions and compensate vulnerable states, particularly small island nations suffering from climate-related damage.
Although not legally enforceable, the court’s opinion could influence global climate litigation and policymaking.
This move follows a similar ruling by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, which recently stated that its 20 member states in Latin America and the Caribbean must act cooperatively to combat climate change and avoid measures that undermine environmental protections.
Hearings held at the ICJ in December showcased a divide between wealthy nations and developing countries. Developed states advocated for relying on existing, mostly nonbinding agreements like the Paris Accord.
In contrast, small island nations and developing countries called for stronger obligations, including emission cuts and financial assistance from major polluters.
Legal experts say the ICJ’s advisory opinion could carry significant political and legal influence, potentially shaping court decisions in jurisdictions worldwide as the use of litigation to address climate inaction continues to rise.
