By Abdullahi Lukman
Mounting waste management challenges across Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa are increasing flooding risks, as uncollected refuse continues to block drainage systems in major cities.
A new World Bank report, What a Waste 3.0, warns that poor waste disposal is directly contributing to flood incidents, particularly in densely populated urban areas with inadequate infrastructure.
The warning follows severe flooding in Nigeria last year, which left more than 230 people dead, displaced tens of thousands and affected over 400,000 residents, according to the National Emergency Management Agency.
The disaster also destroyed more than 47,000 homes and damaged over 60,000 hectares of farmland across 25 states, raising concerns about food security.
The report highlights a growing environmental crisis, noting that Sub-Saharan Africa generates about 231 million tonnes of waste annually, with nearly 70 per cent left uncollected.
This unmanaged waste is often dumped openly or burned, increasing the likelihood of it being washed into drainage systems during heavy rainfall.
Nigeria’s rapidly expanding cities face particular risks, as poor waste management reduces the capacity of drainage networks to handle storms, worsening urban flooding.
The situation is expected to deteriorate, with waste generation in the region projected to more than double by 2050—the fastest growth rate globally—driven by population growth, urbanisation and changing consumption patterns.
Despite the rising volumes, only about 31 per cent of waste is currently collected, with even lower coverage in rural areas, leaving large quantities exposed to environmental hazards.
Urban centres remain especially vulnerable as population growth continues to outpace infrastructure development, placing additional strain on already weak waste management systems.
The World Bank called for urgent action, including stronger institutions, improved waste collection systems and increased investment, warning that failure to act could lead to more frequent flooding, infrastructure damage and economic disruption.
