By Hauwa Ali
Research has revealed how climate change affects marine creatures by reducing their productivity and as temperatures warm, predator-prey interactions prevents species from keeping up with the conditions where they can thrive.
The new study, which was published in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society. shows that large species and commercially important fisheries shift out of their historical ranges as climate warms, causing a shortage even in their new geographic ranges.
“What that suggests from a fisheries perspective is that while the species we fish today will be there tomorrow, they will not be there in the same abundance. In such a context, overfishing becomes easier because the population growth rates are low,” said study coauthor Malin Pinsky, an associate professor in Rutgers’ Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources.
“Warming coupled with food-web dynamics will be like putting marine biodiversity in a blender.” He added.
The study looked at trophic interactions — the process of one species being nourished at the expense of another — and other food-web dynamics to determine how climate change affects species’ ranges.
Using sophisticated computer models, the researchers determined that predator-prey interactions cause many species, especially large predators, to shift their ranges more slowly than climate.
“The model suggests that over the next 200 years of warming, species are going to continually reshuffle and be in the process of shifting their ranges,” said lead author E. W. Tekwa, a professor of ecology, evolution and natural resources at the University of British Columbia.
“Even after 200 years, marines species will still be lagging behind temperature shifts, and this is particularly true for those at the top of the food web.” He added.
As climate warms, millions of species are shifting poleward in a dramatic reorganization of life on earth and the understanding of these dynamics has largely ignored a key feature of life — animals and other organisms must eat.
The researchers have filled this knowledge gap by examining how the basic need for nourishment affect species’ movements.
The researchers developed a “spatially explicit food-web model” that included parameters such as metabolism, body size and optimal temperature ranges.
By accounting for climate change, their model revealed that dynamic trophic interactions hamper species’ ability to react quickly to warming temperatures.
They also found that larger-bodied top predators stay longer than smaller prey in historical habitats, in part because of the arrival of new food sources to their pre-warming ranges.
“These dynamics will not only be in one place but globally, Pinsky said. “That does not bode well for marine life, and this is not an effect that has been widely recognized.”
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