By Obiabin Onukwugha
Maize or corn (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop of the world. It is a source of nutrition as well as phytochemical compounds.
Maize is the second most important cereal crop in the world after wheat followed by rice. Apart from being used for foods, maize is also used for animal feeds, and the manufacture of pharmaceutical and industrial products.
Joy is derived when you grow your own food and crops. Whether in your garden, backyard or farm, knowing how and when to grow your maize for bountiful harvest is key.
Here we bring you some important steps for achieving great yield in maize.
1. Site selection: Choose a site that receives adequate sunlight and has well-drained soil. The soil should also have a pH between 6.0 and 7.5.
2. Land preparation: Clear the land of all vegetation, including weeds and grass. Till the soil.
3. Seed selection: Choose high-quality seed from a reputable source. Maize seed should be tested for germination and purity before planting.
4. Fertilization: Conduct a soil test to determine the soil nutrient content. Apply fertilizer to the soil to correct any nutrient deficiencies. Maize requires a balanced fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. (This is for a low nutrient soil, soil with natural nutrients do not need fertilizers so as to keep your food free from organic fertilisers and it’s impacts on your health)
5. Planting: Maize should be planted when the soil temperature is at least 60°F (15.5°C). Plant the seeds at a depth of 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) in rows that are spaced 30-36 inches (75-90 cm) apart. The seeds should be planted about 8-10 inches (20-25 cm) apart within the row.
6. Irrigation: Maize requires adequate water to grow, so it is important to provide irrigation during periods of drought or low rainfall. Irrigation should be provided at regular intervals to keep the soil moist. If planting at your backyard or garden, regular watering is recommended.
7. Weed control: Weeds compete with maize for water and nutrients, so it is important to control them. Use a pre-emergent herbicide to control weeds before they emerge. Hand weeding can also be done when necessary.
8. Pest control: Maize is susceptible to pests such as corn borers, cutworms, and armyworms. Use insecticides and other pest control measures to protect the crop from damage.
9. Harvesting: Maize is ready for harvest when the kernels are fully developed and have a moisture content of around 25%. Harvesting can be done by hand or with a combine harvester. The maize should be dried and stored in a cool, dry place.