By Abbas Nazil
The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) has predicted an increase in snakebites across Northern Nigeria due to extreme heat wave sweeping through the region.
The sudden temperature rise is expected to drive snakes out of their hiding places in search of cooler areas, bringing them into closer contact with humans, especially in rural communities.
According to NiMet’s latest report, states most affected by the heat wave include Kano, Katsina, Jigawa, Sokoto, Zamfara, Kebbi, Yobe, and Borno.
The soaring temperatures, combined with dry conditions, have created a favorable environment for increased snake activity.
Health experts caution that this could lead to a rise in snakebite cases, particularly in farming areas where people often walk barefoot or work in fields where snakes seek refuge from the heat.
Northern Nigeria has for long struggled with a high incidence of snakebites, with species such as the saw-scaled viper (Echis ocellatus), puff adder (Bitis arietans), and cobras (Naja species) being responsible for most envenomation cases.
During extreme heat, snakes tend to become more active, often seeking shade in homes, under rocks, in farmlands, or near water sources.
This substantially increases the risk of people stepping on or coming into accidental contact with them.
Medical professionals are raising concerns about the availability of antivenom, as many rural health centers struggle with shortages.
A study from Northeastern Nigeria documented thousands of cases of snakebites annually, with mortality rates increasing due to delayed treatment and lack of access to proper medical care.
The current heat wave could further strain health resources, making it crucial for individuals to take preventive measures.
Residents in affected areas are advised to remain vigilant, especially in the early mornings and late evenings when snakes are most active.
Experts recommend keeping homes and surroundings clear of debris, avoiding sleeping on the floor, using protective footwear, and exercising caution while working in farms or walking through bushy areas.
People should also carry flashlights at night to avoid stepping on snakes unknowingly.
In case of a snakebite, individuals are urged to remain calm, avoid attempting to suck out the venom, and seek immediate medical attention.
Tying tourniquets or cutting the wound can worsen the situation. Instead, victims should immobilize the affected limb and get to the nearest health facility as quickly as possible.
With climate change driving more extreme weather conditions, experts warn that such heat waves—and their associated risks, including snakebites—could become more frequent.
Authorities are encouraged to improve public awareness, stockpile antivenom, and enhance emergency response strategies to prevent unnecessary fatalities.