By Faridat Salifu
Ondo State, located in the southwestern region of Nigeria, is a place steeped in history, culture, and natural beauty.
The state was established on February 3, 1976, during the administration of General Murtala Ramat Mohammed, when it was carved out from the old Western State.
Its capital city, Akure, has since become the political and administrative heart of the state.
The creation of Ondo State brought together nine administrative divisions from the former Western State, each contributing to the region’s diverse and vibrant identity.
History and Formation of Ondo State
Ondo State’s origins can be traced back to the establishment of the Ondo Province in 1915, a time when the region’s indigenous peoples and their governance systems were undergoing significant transformation.
The province, which covered a large portion of what is now Ondo State, was integrated into the broader Western State when it was formed.
In 1996, the creation of Ekiti State saw parts of Ondo State being separated to form a new administrative entity, further shaping the present-day borders of Ondo.
Geographically, Ondo State is strategically positioned, bordered by several other Nigerian states. To the south, it has a coastline along the Atlantic Ocean, while to the east, it borders Edo State, and to the southeast, Delta State.
To the north, Ondo is bordered by Ekiti State, while Kogi State lies to its northeast. On the southwest side, the state shares borders with Ogun State, and on the northwest, it borders Osun State.
This unique positioning makes Ondo State not only an important cultural and historical hub but also a center of trade and communication within the southwestern region of Nigeria.
Idanre Hill: A UNESCO World Heritage Site and major tourist attraction
Within Ondo State lies one of Nigeria’s most intriguing and historically significant sites—Idanre Hill. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is an extraordinary testament to the region’s rich cultural heritage and natural beauty.
Idanre Hill is not only an awe-inspiring natural wonder but also a living monument to the ancient Idanre kingdom, which has existed for over a millennium.
The history of Idanre is deeply rooted in the ancient Yoruba kingdom. According to oral tradition, the founding of Idanre can be traced back to Olofin Aremitan, who was the younger brother of Oduduwa, the legendary ancestor of the Yoruba people.
Olofin Aremitan, also known as Olofin of Idanre, established the kingdom at the foot of the hill, originally naming it Ufè Oke, which means “Ifè on the Hills.” This name reflects the close cultural and spiritual ties between Idanre and the ancient city of Ifè, widely regarded as the cradle of the Yoruba civilization.
Olofin Aremitan’s legacy is carried on by his descendants, with the first king of Idanre, Owa Agboogun, being one of his most trusted lieutenants.
The Idanre people, known as Makanres, continue to honor their ancestors, with Olofin and Orosun, their principal spiritual figures, being worshipped as part of the community’s religious practices.
One of the most striking features of Idanre Hill is the evidence of early civilization that still stands atop the hill today. The Uidori people, who lived in the highlands of Idanre, resided there for almost 900 years.
These people chose the hill for its natural fortifications and strategic vantage points, which offered protection from invaders and a serene environment for spiritual reflection and community life.
However, as civilization advanced and access to the hill became increasingly difficult, the people were eventually relocated to the lower areas in 1933. Despite this shift, many ancient relics and structures remain on the hill, offering visitors a rare glimpse into the past.
The journey to the top of Idanre Hill is an adventure in itself. The trek is often challenging due to the steep ascent, but the reward for those who make the climb is unparalleled.
Once at the summit, visitors are treated to a breathtaking view of the surrounding landscape, offering a sweeping panorama of lush greenery and the distant horizon.
The hill itself holds many treasures. Among the most notable is the first elementary school ever established in Idanre, built in 1896 by missionaries led by Rev. Gilbert Carter.
The school marked the beginning of formal education in the region, shaping the future of the Idanre people. The hill is also home to the first law court, established in 1906, which served as a center of justice for the early Idanre community.
Visitors can also see the first prison in Idanre, a historical relic that reflects the social and political structure of the time.
As visitors continue their exploration, they will encounter the first shopping mall in Idanre, an early example of commerce in the area, as well as a larger, more modern shopping mall built later.
These sites offer a fascinating juxtaposition of ancient and modern civilization, reflecting the evolution of the region’s infrastructure and societal development over the years.
The cultural heritage of Idanre Hill goes beyond its historical structures. The community continues to celebrate its rich traditions through various festivals, which are integral to the lives of the Idanre people. One of the most important festivals is the Ogun Festival, which honors the Yoruba god of iron and warfare. This festival attracts visitors from near and far, with vibrant displays of music, dance, and ritual ceremonies.
Another key event is the Ije Festival, which celebrates the community’s agricultural roots and spiritual beliefs. The Osu Ise Festival is another significant cultural event in Idanre, where young men of the community participate in various rites of passage within two sacred caves. These festivals are a testament to the living traditions of the Idanre people, showcasing their deep connection to their ancestors and their environment.
Additionally, the Orosun Festival, celebrated every year in May, honors Orosun, one of the most revered deities in the Idanre pantheon. The festival, marked by prayers, rituals, and feasts, is an expression of gratitude and reverence for the divine forces that shape the lives of the people.
The Mystery of Ancient Writings
One of the most intriguing aspects of Idanre Hill is the presence of rare inscriptions found on the faces of the mountain. These writings bear a striking resemblance to ancient Semitic languages, such as Hebrew, though their exact linguistic origins remain a mystery.
Despite various attempts by scholars and linguists to decipher the texts, their meaning has not been fully understood, adding an element of mystery and allure to the site.
This enigmatic feature further enhances the cultural and historical significance of Idanre Hill, making it a prime destination for researchers and tourists alike.
Idanre Hill is a powerful reminder of the rich cultural and historical heritage of Ondo State. The site stands as a testament to the ingenuity, resilience, and spiritual depth of the Idanre people, whose ancestors carved out a thriving kingdom atop the hill for centuries.
Today, the hill continues to be a source of pride and identity for the people of Idanre, as well as a beacon of Nigeria’s diverse cultural history.
For tourists seeking to explore the wonders of Ondo State, Idanre Hill offers a rare opportunity to connect with Nigeria’s ancient past while experiencing the natural beauty and vibrant culture of the region.
Whether you’re hiking up to the summit, exploring the ancient relics, or participating in the lively festivals, Idanre Hill promises an unforgettable journey through time and tradition.
Ondo State, with its blend of historical richness, cultural heritage, and natural beauty, is a treasure trove waiting to be discovered, and Idanre Hill is undoubtedly one of its most compelling attractions.