By Abbas Nazil
China is set to commence the construction of the world’s largest hydropower dam on the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet.
This decision is expected to significantly impact regional energy generation, local ecosystems, and downstream communities in neighboring countries.
The ambitious project, situated on the eastern edge of the Tibetan plateau, is designed to produce approximately 300 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually, over three times the capacity of the Three Gorges Dam, which currently holds the global record for hydropower output.
This megastructure is set to play a pivotal role in China’s strategy to achieve its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, as well as bolster engineering industries and employment in Tibet.
The location features a staggering 2,000-meter drop over a 50-kilometer stretch of the river, presenting unparalleled hydropower potential.
However, the dramatic geographical conditions also bring unique engineering challenges, increasing the complexity of the project.
The cost of the dam is anticipated to surpass that of the Three Gorges Dam, which required 254.2 billion yuan ($34.83 billion) for its completion, including expenses related to the relocation of 1.4 million people.
While no detailed information has been provided about potential displacement or environmental repercussions, the project raises concerns among environmentalists and regional governments.
The Yarlung Zangbo River flows into India as the Brahmaputra, traversing Arunachal Pradesh and Assam states before reaching Bangladesh.
Officials from India and Bangladesh have voiced apprehensions over possible disruptions to downstream ecosystems and water flow.
Changes in the river’s natural path or volume could have far-reaching consequences for agriculture, fisheries, and biodiversity in these regions.
Despite these concerns, Chinese authorities have assured that hydropower development in Tibet, which accounts for over one-third of China’s hydroelectric potential, will not significantly impact the environment or downstream water resources.
The Tibetan plateau, recognized for its rich biodiversity, faces mounting ecological pressures from increasing development activities.
The potential impacts of the dam on the local environment, including changes to riverine ecosystems, remain unclear.
Critics argue that large-scale infrastructure projects in the region should be carefully evaluated to prevent long-term harm to one of the world’s most sensitive ecosystems.
China has already begun operating hydropower facilities on the upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River and has plans for additional projects upstream.
The new dam’s approval underscores the country’s intent to maximize the river’s hydropower capabilities, despite ongoing regional disputes and ecological concerns.
While promising energy security and economic benefits, the project raises important questions about its environmental costs and its implications for millions living downstream. END
Source: The Maritime Executive