By Faridat Salifu
New peer-reviewed research has revealed that starch-based bioplastics, which are often promoted as biodegradable and environmentally friendly, may be as harmful to human health as petroleum-based plastics.
The study found that long-term exposure to bioplastics can lead to organ damage, metabolic changes, gut microbe imbalances, and other health issues, raising concerns about their safety.
Bioplastics, made from plant-based materials like corn starch, rice starch, or sugar, have been hailed as a more sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics, particularly because they break down faster in the environment.
These materials are commonly used in products such as fast fashion clothing, wet wipes, straws, and cutlery.
However, the new research challenges the assumption that bioplastics are safer for human health, especially when ingested accidentally.
The study, which involved feeding mice food and water contaminated with bioplastics, found damage to organs such as the liver and ovaries, as well as changes to metabolism and glucose levels.
The research also revealed imbalances in gut microbiota, which are linked to cardiovascular disease.
Related Posts
The toxic effects were similar to those caused by exposure to conventional plastic. Chemicals from the bioplastic were found in the tissues of the mice, where they caused microlesions and abnormalities.
Yongfeng Deng, a co-author of the study, cautioned that “biodegradable starch-based plastics may not be as safe and health-promoting as originally assumed,” particularly given the widespread use of these materials and their potential for accidental ingestion.
The findings suggest that bioplastics could have similar toxicological profiles to conventional plastics, which are known to contain harmful chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenol.
The production of bioplastics has increased significantly in recent years, with nearly 2.5 million metric tonnes used globally in 2024, and industry estimates predict this number will more than double within the next five years.
Despite the growth in bioplastic use, there has been little research on the material’s long-term health effects. Previous studies have also questioned the biodegradability of bioplastics, noting that they do not break down as quickly as claimed.
The new study raises serious concerns about the safety of bioplastics, especially as they are becoming more ubiquitous in daily life. In addition to their potential for harmful health effects, bioplastics, like traditional plastics, break down into microplastics, which can end up in food and water.
The researchers emphasize the need for further studies to assess the full extent of bioplastics’ health impacts.
The study’s findings suggest that despite the growing use of bioplastics, it may be necessary to reassess their role as an environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastics.
Activists and researchers are calling for greater transparency and more research into the safety of bioplastics, especially as they become an increasing part of modern consumer products.
